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Rhus sandwicensis

A.Gray (1854)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Sapindales Family: Anacardiaceae Genus: Rhus

Hawaiian sumac, neleau, neneleau

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small trees 3–8 m tall, with milky sap.

Stems: Stems with prominent lenticels.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound (odd-pinnate). Alternate. Blades with (2)3–5(6) pairs of leaflets; lateral leaflets oblong–elliptic to lanceolate, 2.5–6 cm wide, the terminal leaflet ovate, very broadly elliptic to lanceolate, (5–)9–14 cm long, (2.5–)3–6(–9.5 cm wide). Apex acute to acuminate. Base often oblique. Upper surfaces sparsely short–villous to strigillose, the hairs reddish brown; lower surfaces moderately to densely so, green on upper surface; lower surfaces paler, young leaves often red. Margins serrate to crenate. Veins prominent on lower surface. Petioles 6–10(–17) cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in dense terminal panicles, densely reddish brown tomentose. Flowers apparently bisexual (perfect). Calyx of 5 sepals; sepals lanceolate, ca. 1–1.5 mm long, margins ciliate. Corolla of 5 petals, pale yellow, elliptic, ca. 3–3.5 mm long, margins ± ciliate. Stamens 5. Ovary superior, 1-celled; ovule 1; styles 2–3.

Fruit: Drupes red; globose; somewhat depressed; tomentose. Seeds with an oily embryo; 1; on a basal stalk.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Scattered in relatively wet to dry; disturbed areas; especially along roadsides and in pastures.

Elevation Range: 150–750(–2,150) m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

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Notes

  • Description digitized by Pumehana Imada
  • Hillebrand (1888) mentions that the plants are "apparently dioecious"; however, the specimens that we examined were all morphologically perfect. The breeding system of this species is in need of study. The wood is lightweight, coarse-textured, and tough a

Bibliography

Name Published In: U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 1: 369 (1854)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:197 (K, O, Mo, M, H)

Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., & Sohmer, S. H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, Vols. 1 and 2 (No. Edn 2). University of Hawai'i and Bishop Museum Press.

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Rhus sandwicensis Hawaiian Homes Land, House lot 2 (Judy Stewart house lot), just abouve Puu Opae. Around derelict home under roof drip line. Cultivated? Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 7525 Kauai BISH 2012-03-30
2 Rhus sandwicensis West road to Honokohau ditch trail ridge; with Dicranopteris linearis, Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1784 Maui BISH 1983-07-10
3 Rhus sandwicensis S Hilo, Saddle Rd. 11 mi W roadside Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5890 Hawaii BISH 1988-03-14
4 Rhus sandwicensis Honolulu, 1940 Manoa Rd full sun Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 1535 Oahu BISH 1985-10-19
5 Rhus sandwicensis Hilo, Komohana Dr, near UHH campus Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 4 Hawaii BISH 1983-11-26
6 Rhus sandwicensis Kilau, Laupahoehoe dense thicket Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1900 Hawaii BISH 1984-08-22
7 Rhus sandwicensis East Maui, Hana District, Waihoi Valley, S fork of Waiohonu with grasses, sedges Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 221 Maui BISH 1972-10-27
8 Rhus sandwicensis West Maui, Waiehu, SE of Mt. Alani pasture Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19611 Maui BISH 1949-05-15
9 Rhus sandwicensis National Park, Kelapana trail Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 787 Hawaii BISH 1943-08-17
10 Rhus sandwicensis Pelekunu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 575 Molokai BISH 1912-09-01
11 Rhus sandwicensis Haiku, near omega transmitting station Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3012 Oahu BISH 1986-11-11
12 Rhus sandwicensis Hilo, Komohana Dr., near UHH campus Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1895 Hawaii BISH 1984-12-29
13 Rhus sandwicensis Hilo, Komohana Dr, near UHH campus Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 4 Hawaii BISH 1983-11-26
14 Rhus sandwicensis W Maui, Lahaina District, growing along bottom and lower slopes of Honolua Valley Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 99803 Maui BISH 1998-09-23
15 Rhus sandwicensis Waipio trail, Hamakua Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23998 Hawaii BISH 1950-01-01
16 Rhus sandwicensis East Maui, Hana District, Hana, Ka Iwi o Pele, E side above Haneoo road, Hamoa Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2561 Maui BISH 1987-10-24
17 Rhus sandwicensis Haiku, 2ndary ridge near head of amphitheatre Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3017 Oahu BISH 1986-11-11
18 Rhus sandwicensis Waiakea Arboretum, 5 mi. S of Hilo Preserved_Specimen Little Jr., E.L. 23044 Hawaii BISH 1968-06-02
19 Rhus sandwicensis Makaweli Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5839 Kauai BISH 1909-09-28
20 Rhus sandwicensis Makaweli Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5839 Kauai BISH 1909-09-28
21 Rhus sandwicensis Hilo, Komohana Dr., near UHH campus Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1895 Hawaii BISH 1984-12-29
22 Rhus sandwicensis Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1604 Oahu BISH 1910-10-01
23 Rhus sandwicensis Auwahi, Ulupalakua Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 390 Maui BISH 1915-02-12
24 Rhus sandwicensis Wailau Valley, growing along old trail from E side of Wailau Valley to Lepau Point Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 89805 Molokai BISH 1998-08-08
25 Rhus sandwicensis Holualoa, Waiaha Springs trail, N Kona Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 18495 Hawaii BISH 1937-12-24
26 Rhus sandwicensis East Maui, Hana Hwy., 1.5 mi from Kailua, 500' from Oopuola Valley Preserved_Specimen Ishikawa, S. 168 Maui BISH 1972-10-14
27 Rhus sandwicensis West Maui Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 412 Maui BISH 1864-01-01
28 Rhus sandwicensis Hilo Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH 1872-10-01
29 Rhus sandwicensis Kaiwiki road, mauka of Wainaku road, Hilo Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 607 Hawaii BISH 1981-09-28
30 Rhus sandwicensis Hilo, 5 mi W Preserved_Specimen Little Jr., E.L. 31273 Hawaii BISH 1979-09-23
31 Rhus sandwicensis gulch above Makaweli Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5843 Kauai BISH 1909-09-28
32 Rhus sandwicensis National Park, Kelapana trail Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 787 Hawaii BISH 1943-08-17
33 Rhus sandwicensis NE Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 14300 Hawaii BISH 1916-08-23
34 Rhus sandwicensis opposite Kaumana Caves, along Saddle Rd. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5140 Hawaii BISH 1975-01-14
35 Rhus sandwicensis back of Waimea Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5847 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-01
36 Rhus sandwicensis Haiku, 2ndary ridge near head of amphitheatre Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3017 Oahu BISH 1986-11-11
37 Rhus sandwicensis Hilo, terminal 1880-1 lava flow Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 532 Hawaii BISH 1915-05-17
38 Rhus sandwicensis Holualoa, Waiaha Springs trail, N Kona Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 18495 Hawaii BISH 1937-12-24
39 Rhus sandwicensis Haiku, near omega transmitting station Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3012 Oahu BISH 1986-11-11
40 Rhus sandwicensis Hilo, Komohana Dr, near UHH campus Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 4 Hawaii BISH 1983-11-26
41 Rhus sandwicensis Haiku, near omega transmitting station Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3015 Oahu BISH 1986-11-11
42 Rhus sandwicensis Haiku, near omega transmitting station Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3012 Oahu BISH 1986-11-11
43 Rhus sandwicensis Hilo, Hamakua roadside; with ferns, Lantana Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. 616 Hawaii BISH 1928-08-16
44 Rhus sandwicensis Auwahi Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 156 Maui BISH 1915-02-12
45 Rhus sandwicensis Iao Valley, interior Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 787 Maui BISH 1922-10-11
46 Rhus sandwicensis West road to Honokohau ditch trail ridge; with Dicranopteris linearis, Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1784 Maui BISH 1983-07-10
47 Rhus sandwicensis Honolulu, 1940 Manoa Rd full sun Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 1535 Oahu BISH 1985-10-19
48 Rhus sandwicensis mauka outskirts of Hilo shrubby slope Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 35707 Hawaii BISH 1982-10-10
49 Rhus sandwicensis Koloa District. National Tropical Botanical Garden in Lawai Valley. McBryde Garden, native Hawaiian section along W side of road. Cultivated area. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 10664 Kauai BISH 2016-11-12
50 Rhus sandwicensis Haiku, 2ndary ridge near head of amphitheatre haole koa Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3016 Oahu BISH 1986-11-11
51 Rhus sandwicensis East Maui, Hana District, Waihoi Valley, S fork of Waiohonu with grasses, sedges Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 9 Maui BISH 1972-07-14
52 Rhus sandwicensis Waihee Valley, Wailuku wooded mountain side; with Metrosideros, Hibiscus Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25781 Maui BISH 1955-12-30
53 Rhus sandwicensis Waiakea Arboretum, Waiakea Forest Preserve, 5 mi. S. of Hilo secondary forest Preserved_Specimen Little Jr., E.L. 23044 Hawaii BISH 1968-06-02
54 Rhus sandwicensis Puna, between Pahoa and Olaa open, grassy forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9527 Hawaii BISH 1929-09-26
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